Omental torsion as a possible cause of acute abdomen.

Primary torsion of large omentum is a rare cause of abdominal pain. The knowledge of this disease is essential for surgeons. It plays an important role in differential diagnosis of acute abdomen. The authors present two cases of primary omental torsion. They describe the diagnostic and therapeutic process. Diagnosis of omental torsion is difficult. Frequently, it presents with abdominal pain and imitates other acute abdominal diseases such as acute appendicitis in most cases. It is difficult to diagnose before surgical revision is approached. Laboratory and paraclinical examinations may not provide any clear findings. Laparoscopic revision is the method of choice, with confirmation of the diagnosis and laparoscopic resection of the ischemic part of omentum.

[Mechanical ileus as a result of scar tissue stenosis of the small intestine]. / Mechanický ileus jako následek jizevnaté stenózy tenkého streva.

INTRODUCTION: Ileus accounts for about 20% of all acute abdomen onsets. Etiologically and clinically, it is a very heterogeneous group of diseases. The presented case report shows other possible causes of ileus. CASE REPORT: The authors present a case of mechanical ileus in a 40 years old female admitted and operated due to mechanical ileus. Preoperative imaging methods and the postoperative finding showed stenosis of the small intestine. This finding was resolved by resection of the stenotic part of the intestine. Chronic inflammation, heterotopic gastric mucosa and mucosal ulceration were described based on histology. DISCUSSION: In the presented case, the authors discuss the etiology of intestinal stenosis. The authors consider as a possible cause blunt abdominal trauma or an ulcerogenic lesion in the terrain of heterotopic gastric mucosa. CONCLUSION: The diagnosis and treatment of ileus conditions are well known to all surgeons. The presented case report discusses other possible causes of mechanical ileus.

[Intraparietal hemorrhage of the small intestine related to hypocoagulation as an unusual cause of hemoperitoneum]. / Intraparietální hemoragie tenkého streva pri antikoagulacní terapii pacienta jako neobvyklá prícina hemoperitonea.

The authors present a case of acute abdomen, spontaneous hemoperitoneum, caused by intraparietal hemorrhage of the small intestine in a patient with hypocoagulation that was pharmacologically induced by warfarin anticoagulation therapy. Potential etiology of the described case is considered by the authors.

[Giardiasis as a rare disorder in differential diagnosis of abdominal pain]. / Giardiosa, jako málo frekventní onemocnení v diferenciální diagnostice bolestí bricha.

The author is submitting a casuistry of the boy with nonspecific tummy ache.The cause of this illness was diagnosed as a paratrophic infection Giardia intestinalis. The author point sout it is necessary to have this seldom occurred children illness in consideration mainly in cases, when the doctor has a patient with nonspecific tummy ache and when these aches do not abate usual therapy or if there is a complication blond all understanding. As far as our patient is concerned it was cholecystitis discovered by ultrasound checkup which was done for nonspecific tummy ache. That is why it is necessary to have this illness in mind and mainly when there is a patient with nonspecific tummy ache and when the usual therapy does not work. In these cases the author recommends ultrasound tummy checkup and stercus checkup for parasites. The diagnostics consist in demonstratio of trophozoits or cystis in stercus. These days imunochromatografic test using ELISA method on the principles of detection with the help of monoclonal antibodies is preferred. The test is high sensitive and specific. The first choice medicine is metronidazol.

[A rare cause of the small intestine ileus]. / Raritní prícina ileu tenkého streva.

The author presents a case review of rare cause of status ileosus which was cause by stone of peach. Very slow progress of the status ileosus and associated disease was the cause of problems with assessment of diagnosis.